Tag: values

AI vs. A Culture of Reading

The average American reportedly reads (but may not finish) 12-13 books a year according to a Gallop poll. However, this number is misleading because “heavy” readers skew the data. (I confess to being a “heavy” reader.) The median number is 2-5 books per year. An estimated 17-40% of adults in the U.S. read no books in a given year. Gallop reports that women read more than men (approximately 15.7 books versus 9.5). College graduates are more likely readers with 90% reading at least 1 book annually, while 34% of individuals with H.S. or less years of schooling read 1 book per year. Surveys in recent years report declining numbers of books read annually.

We have AI to read for us. Will the reading slippery slope become more pronounced? I wonder how AI affects students doing their own research of a topic. How might AI impact overall reading (learning) habits? Linguist Naomi S. Baron, Professor Emerita, American University, also has concerns. She is worried about AI “…accelerating an ongoing shift in the value people place on reading as a human endeavor.”

Yesterday’s Cliff Notes are today’s “Blinks.” Apparently meant to be in the blink of an eye, one can skim a years-in-the-making book in a 15-minute summary. BooksAI is another “reader” for reading assignments. With Google NotebookLM, AI compares 2 books for your student assignment with the addition of posing questions to look smart in class.

As a contrast, Iceland has a culture of readers. Often cited as the most literate nation in the world, over half of Icelandic residents read 8+ books a year and 1 in 10 publish a book in their lifetime. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Iceland has the most writers per capita in the world. AI estimates that 1 in 5000 people publish a book in the U.S. despite a self-published-book rise.

There is an endearing tradition, Jólabókaflóð (The Christmas Book Flood), in Iceland each Christmas. Books are gifts on Christmas Eve. Each Icelander typically will receive at least one book. With no knowledge of Iceland, this is a tradition I began with my children years ago and I continue it annually. I applaud Iceland’s country-wide tradition.

With its long, dark winters, Iceland has long celebrated a tradition called kvöldvaka, an evening time of honoring storytelling in communal spaces. A person might read from a book, recite a poem, or re-tell a story from Iceland’s early history. Children learned to read and write in such a setting while honoring their country’s history and geography. At a time when many were poor, the literacy rate in Iceland was high.

This makes me wonder how Americans spend their winter evenings. Is every person glued to a solo digital gadget? Are students skimming AI summaries rather than reading books? How might these AI “traditions” affect our culture?

Can we embrace both AI and reading?

Pearls of Peace (PoP) Quiz

472. How do you use AI?

473. How many books and/or eBooks do you read a year?   

Peaceful Couples and Countries

There are peaceful societies in our world. How have they managed to live together in peace with their neighbors? A multidisciplinary group of scholars began gathering in 2014 to find answers. Social entrepreneurs and professors, Peter T. Coleman and Joshua D. Fisher, are part of the Advanced Consortium on Cooperation, Conflict and Complexity, and The Earth Institute at Columbia University. Their Sustaining Peace Project involves psychologists, anthropologists, philosophers, astrophysicists, environmental scientists, political scientists, and communication researchers. Just bringing such diverse disciplines together peacefully orchestrates a model for peace systems.

America currently is tuned into war systems. Globally, military spending is speeding up as more countries encounter violent conflict than in the previous 30 years. Peace systems are “clusters of neighboring societies that do not make war with each other.” For example, none of the 5 Nordic nations have made war inside or outside their borders for over 200 years. Unfortunately, this cannot be said for the U.S.

A possibility roadmap for peace was found by the collaborative scholars. It seems intuitive, but somehow people are not aware of the simple power of peace or how to get “there.” The inclusive work of the Sustaining Peace Project suggests that “sustaining peace can be understood as a high ratio of positive intergroup reciprocity to negative intergroup reciprocity that is stable over time.”

On a micro-level, family systems co-exist peacefully with the same positivity-fueled reciprocity. Marriage researchers John and Julie Gottman study couples intensely. John Gottman began longitudinal work on couples in the 1970’s. Gottman Institute research finds that stable, happy couples have at least a 5:1 ratio of positive interactions to negative interactions, especially necessary in trauma and conflictual situations. Unhappy couples exhibit fewer positive interactions that might counterbalance negative communication. If their positive-to-negative ratio is 1:1 or less, a couple may be headed for break-up. High conflict, unhappy couples in their relationship’s end time engage in what Gottman refers to as “The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse:”

  • Criticism – An attack on one’s partner and their character, not just a complaint comment.
  • Contempt – Disrespect that goes further than criticism; sarcasm or ridicule spews out, denoting a moral superiority over one’s partner.
  • Defensiveness – An excuse-making response to criticism that often includes reversing the blaming.
  • Stonewalling – A response which involves one individual withdrawing, often acting “busy” or engaging in obsessive and/or distracting behaviors.

While peaceful couples and countries have differing ways in which they cultivate peace, there are some commonalities. Peaceful groups have an overarching common identity (a shared national or regional identity that seeks commonalities between ethnic differences). There is focus on positive interconnectedness in terms of economics, ecology, and security. Peaceful societies commemorate successful peacemakers. Public spaces and institutions bring members of different groups together. The single-most critical contributor to peace is identified in non-warring norms, rituals, and values. Peace language and peace leadership call for dialogue and consensus-building.

Pearls of Peace (PoP) Quiz

466. How might you incorporate more peacefulness in your relationships?

467. What consensus-building success have you ever experienced?  

AI Perspective at Age 105

Airplane view of Mt. Rainier

Looking back, what truly matters is the effort you make to cultivate yourself,” says Korean centenarian philosopher, Kim hyung-seuk. “Life is about nurturing yourself, about allowing the heart to grow.”

Kim possesses long-distance viewing, having grown up in North Pyongan Province, attending the same elementary school as Kim il-sung, North Korea’s founder. He ate breakfast at the future founder’s home after liberation from Japanese colonial rule but left the North in 1947. He is emeritus professor of philosophy at Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea. He continues a writing career which includes giving lectures.

Ginness World Records deemed Kim hyung-seuk the world’s oldest male author after he published 100 Years of Wisdom at age 103. When his publisher alerted him that 30-year-old individuals found the book useful, Kim wrote his next book to “make sure there were things young people might find meaningful!” At age 105 he published Kim hyung-seuk, A Century’s Legacy. His abiding advice, good for every age, is “…[to] stay young at heart, to hold a sound faith and to live without despair.”

I find his advice on AI compelling. Kim believes that AI is helpful in natural sciences or engineering where a question has one correct answer. In social sciences he sees AI as a tool with considerations that a question can have several answers. However in arts and humanities, Kim affirms that there is never a single right answer. Furthermore, Kim advocates that humanity must preserve truth from falsehood and be capable of discerning good from evil through one’s conscience. He emphasizes that humans are the masters of AI. Kim supports ethical technology. My question is who monitors AI to ensure that such values are upheld?

As for longevity, Kim recalls his frail childhood when his mother questioned if he would even live to his 20’s. He attributes his good fortune in a long-distance life to his mindset. I view him as a noble example of someone with a growth mindset rather than possessing a fixed mindset where change is not welcomed. AI is about change. After experiencing many kinds of changed societies, Kim concludes that societies embracing freedom have longevity.

Kim offers the wisdom that reading and working help maintain youthfulness. Say yes to embracing lifelong learning! Kim’s belief is that a person “grows old” only when they start thinking that they are “old.” It reminds me of how often I hear someone say, “I’m old,” as if that statement might excuse some behavior. Kim refers to 7 people he knows who are 100+ like him. He reports that they have 2 things in common: they do not speak ill of others and they do not lose their temper. They live as peacefully as possible.

We circle back to values and ethical guideposts. If AI rolls out misinformation (deepfakes) or even half-truths, we must make the whole mountain of an issue transparent.

Pearls of Peace (PoP) Quiz

462. What are your 2 ingredients for longevity?

463. How do you view using AI personally?  

Holiday Relationships & Wellness

In a spider web, everything is connected. Everything you do is connected to others. No one can do everything alone. Celebrating holidays is best when celebrating in healthy ways with others!

Blackfoot scholar Dr. Leroy Little Bear looks at the big picture and captures everything: “Existence is a web of relationships. What you do to the land, to the animals, to the water, you do to yourself.”

Little Bear tells about dreaming that he was a bubble. His wife also was a bubble. He joined their bubbles. Half awake, he asked if his dream was real; the joined-bubble dream appeared a second time. When Little Bear shared his dream with his wife, she gave this interconnected interpretation: “I know what you are thinking…if we spread this among relatives, things will happen. Everybody is of one mind.”

As we roll through this holiday season, interconnected relationships are a key ingredient. In fact, relationships are key everywhere. According to Little Bear, the Western mind focuses on the social values of bigger and faster. To consider the social values in the Blackfoot mind, think about energy waves always in a state of flux. This is also scientific-minded territory. For an example of how this relational way of thinking might translate to the workforce, think team building, shared authority, and treating employees like a work family. As Little Bear suggests, this approach often results in team players producing better quality work.

Little Bear was instrumental in being part of creating Indigenous studies 50 years ago (in college at the University of Lethridge in Canada). Since many of us were not privy to Indigenous college courses, try on some Indigenous ways of relating:

  • Think holistically and relationally, rather than through the narrow lens of an individual paradigm;
  • Emphasize interconnectedness not just with your relatives and best friends, but also with land, spirit, and community for mental wellness and healing — understand life as energy, not just facts; 
  • Consider how language, story, dreams, and holiday rituals may shape pathways to healing.

Considering a lifetime of teaching, advocacy, and cultural stewardship, Little Bear challenges us to understand what thinking globally means as a rhythm of relational connections. He recalls his childhood when he heard both of his parents always singing! Yes, music is one of our best connectors. I go to many choral concerts and always feel a sense of renewal in the company of singers who harmonize with each other as if they are of one mind.   

What about the times when you are with relatives or friends and you do not sense any renewal of lifelong tuning in one-mind relating? There are good reasons, you say. Figure out where the disconnect story began. I have a “throw” pillow that says, “Home is where your story begins.” Start there.  

Pearls of Peace (PoP) Quiz

458. Do recall any dreams that hold special meaning for you?

459. How does telling your stories to a good listener bring lifelong tuning?  

Rewiring our Democracy Pearl

Are you rewiring this autumn? Anytime works for rewiring your thinking for your well-being and others’ well-being, although one might devote more energy to brain rewiring with more indoor time in autumn’s cooldown temperatures. Daylight is less available (depending on one’s location). I embrace this perception from John Steinbeck’s 1941 book, The Pearl: “It is the hour of pearl—the interval between day and night when time stops and examines itself.” It has been decades since I read this novella, but Steinbeck’s story about a Native American pearl diver, Kino, seems important to lift up in these times. Kino’s insecure income, healthcare refused due to a lack of money, and the tested values of a man who finds sudden wealth, are relatable themes today.

This is the hour to reimagine the pearl of democracy, a precious concept that appears under threat. In simple terms, democracy is about empowering citizens to hold free/fair elections and upholding the rule of law which promises equal protection for all. The well-being of all people is implied. The Statue of Liberty does not discriminate. Emma Lazarus’ welcoming words represent the underpinnings of democracy: “Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore, Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!”

I have listened to a weekly 6-part series of lectures from Stanford University on “Reimaging Democracy.” The final guest speaker in the series was former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. Her words sting with a sharp truth: “The Congress is not working very well, not legislating well…the executive branch puts out orders; the judicial court challenges. We only have two branches working. We are windshield wiping back and forth.”   

It is a stormy season in our democracy. But change can come after tough times. Often it is in our rugged struggles that we might be inclined to examine our actions. Dr. Rice advises that folks discard the (fixed) mindset, “Because I think it, it must be true.”  She advocates that learning to listen is key. This was a bit of synchronicity for me, as I was preparing for my volunteer activity with a YMCA-sponsored after-school project at a local middle school. My focus was on listening and resilience exercises. These young adolescents appeared more perceptive than many adults regarding their thoughts on listening! Their candid comments set a truth learning-curve for all. One boy offered that he pretends to listen to someone when he is NOT listening. What if we had this degree of candor in Congress? Is Listening 101 ever discussed there?   

The Statue of Liberty’s original copper torch was leaking from rainstorms and corrosion. It was determined that the damaged torch should be replaced (7-4-1984). A rewired torch was installed. Let’s reexamine and rewire democracy.

Pearls of Peace (PoP) Quiz

446. When have you pretended to listen to another person, but you knew you were NOT listening?

447. What does reimagining democracy mean to you? 

Anger Remedies

As a long-time student of problem-solving and conflict resolution, I am troubled by the news cycle of raw conflicts in our country. Animosity too often turns to not-so-veiled threats or violent behavior against an imagined “other.” Political individuals report a slew of death threats and in some unbelievable instances, they or their family members have been violently attacked. Anger is palpable from town hall meetings to houses of worship.   

Margaret Cullen, a marriage and family therapist as well as a mindfulness teacher, identifies what is happening when anger’s slippery slope devolves into cruelty and/or violence. She gives a first-person accounting: “When I reflect honestly, I notice that my most volatile reactions are tied to things I hate in myself—places I’ve missed the mark or failed to live up to my own ideals. Outrage becomes a shield, a projection, a way of disowning what is hard to face internally…easier to demonize the other than to wrestle with my own complicity.”  Such truth-telling seems like a place to begin a much-needed remedy to anger.

Cullen’s upcoming book, Quiet Strength: Find Peace, Feel Alive, and Love Boundlessly Through the Power of Equanimity, might be required reading for politicians. As Cullen outlines her approach, an ethical value system is key: “Simply put: Unethical conduct breeds agitation; ethical conduct fosters peace. And agitation is fertile ground for outrage and projection to take root. Throw in some social media and global instability, and you are well on your way to zealotry. Peace is fertile ground for perspective and clarity to grow. Toss in some honest self-reflection and an intention for greater integrity, and you can harness the energy of outrage toward creative solutions and effective engagement.”

Yes, self-reflection, insight, and an awareness of one’s value system are always a good idea, whether the topic is anger or anything else. However, we do not see things clearly much of the time. We experience anger or some other strong emotion and imagine that it is “justified.” We do not recognize that our anger rides shotgun in the front seat of our personality pickup truck as a protector from fear, insecurity, and other tender parts of ourselves. I reflected upon this lack of self-clarity when I looked through a clouded-over glass window in a door in my new home. The murky window blocked my view of roses growing outside this doorway. Once the double-pane failed glass was replaced, roses could be appreciated with clear sightlines.   

I appreciate the metaphor in a Scottish tune, Looking at a Rainbow Through a Dirty Window (by Scottish Uilleann piper and flute player Calum Stewart, arranged for harp by Rachel Hair). Listening to peaceful music, especially with others, is a remedy for what ails. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pyp3p3gRQcQ

Are you looking for rainbows and peaceful, creative solutions these days? I am.

Pearls of Peace (PoP) Quiz

431. When do you catch yourself projecting your own outrage onto an “other” person?

431. How might we best enhance ethical conduct in groups of people?